dementia

Support for you or someone you care about

Dementia is an umbrella term used to describe a range of progressive conditions affecting the brain.

What can you do to reduce the risk of dementia?

Reducing the risk of dementia is a growing focus, as research increasingly highlights the connection between lifestyle choices and brain health. By adopting healthy habits early and maintaining them throughout life, you or someone you care about can lower your chances of getting dementia. Unfortunately, there’s no way to guarantee that you won’t get dementia, however, you may be able to make it less likely. Simple changes, such as staying mentally and physically active, eating a balanced diet, managing stress, and prioritising social connections, can make a significant difference.

  1. Stay Active
  • Regular physical activity is one of the most effective ways to reduce your risk of dementia. It improves your heart health, blood circulation, and mental well-being.
  • Activities like brisk walking, swimming, dancing, or cycling can boost brain function and overall health.
  • Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity (e.g., brisk walking) or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity (e.g., running) per week. Include strength-building exercises like yoga or weightlifting at least twice a week to maintain muscle health.
  1. Eat Healthy
  • A balanced diet supports brain health and reduces the risk of conditions like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease, which are linked to dementia.
  • Incorporate plenty of:
    • Fruits and vegetables for essential vitamins and antioxidants.
    • Whole grains like brown rice or wholemeal bread for sustained energy.
    • Oily fish such as salmon or mackerel for omega-3 fatty acids.
  • Limit processed foods, sugary snacks, and red or processed meats like sausages and bacon. Choose plant oils like olive oil over solid fats like butter.
  • Reduce salt intake to avoid high blood pressure and limit alcohol consumption to moderate levels.

Top tips:

    • Follow the NHS Eatwell Guide for portion recommendations.
    • Replace unhealthy snacks with nuts, fruit, or wholegrain options.
  1. Quit Smoking
  • Smoking damages blood vessels, including those in the brain, increasing your risk of vascular dementia.
  • Quitting smoking at any age can significantly improve your brain and heart health.
  • Consider support tools like nicotine patches, e-cigarettes, or free NHS Stop Smoking services to help you quit.

Top tips to Quit:

    • Use nicotine replacement therapies (e.g., patches, gum, or e-cigarettes).
    • Seek support from your GP or NHS Stop Smoking Services.
    • Set a quit date and track your progress.
  1. Drink Responsibly

Excessive alcohol consumption can damage brain cells and increase the risk of dementia.

  • Stick to no more than 14 units of alcohol per week, spread over several days. For example:
    • A small glass of wine (125ml) = 1.5 units
    • A pint of beer (4% ABV) = 2.3 units
  • Take regular alcohol-free days, and consider low- or no-alcohol alternatives.

Tips to Cut Down:

    • Opt for smaller drinks or alcohol-free alternatives.
    • Alternate alcoholic beverages with water or soft drinks.
    • Let friends and family know about your goals for support.
  1. Challenge Your Brain

Keeping your brain active can help build cognitive resilience and delay the onset of dementia.

Activities that engage your brain include:

    • Puzzles, crosswords, and sudoku
    • Learning new skills, such as a language or musical instrument
    • Reading, writing, or participating in book clubs
    • Playing board games or chess

Social interaction is equally important. Spend time with friends and family, join community groups, or volunteer to stay connected. Conversations are great for stimulating mental skills like memory and reasoning.

  1. Take Control of Your Health

Chronic conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity are linked to dementia risk.

  • Schedule regular health check-ups to monitor these conditions. In England, adults aged 40–74 are eligible for a free NHS Health Check every five years.
  • Address mental health concerns, such as depression, early. Depression may be a risk factor for dementia, so seek support from your GP or mental health services if needed.
  • Protect your hearing by getting regular hearing tests and addressing hearing loss early. This may reduce social isolation and improve cognitive health.
  1. Get Quality Sleep
  • Sleep is crucial for mental well-being and brain health. Aim for 7–8 hours of restful sleep per night.
  • If you have trouble sleeping or suspect sleep apnoea (characterized by snoring or sudden waking), consult your GP for advice and treatment.
  1. Protect Your Head
  • Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) can increase your risk of dementia, especially injuries causing loss of consciousness.
  • Take precautions by:
    • Wearing helmets when cycling, skiing, or engaging in contact sports.
    • Following safety practices in sports and ensuring coaches are trained in concussion management.
    • Using protective headwear when working in risky environments like construction sites.

Diagnosing well

Diagnosing Dementia

An early diagnosis helps you to access:

  • the right support to live as well as possible, including treatments to help with symptoms
  • information to help you and others understand the changes you’re experiencing
  • any benefits or legal protection you may be entitled to

Memory Concerns? Speak to your GP to start the diagnostic process. They may refer you to the Rotherham Memory Clinic, located at Centenary Clinic, Effingham Street, Rotherham (Call: 01709 447766).

Watch an introduction to the Rotherham Memory Clinic:

Understanding Types of Dementia

Dementia is a term used to describe a range of symptoms that affect memory, thinking, problem-solving, and language skills. These changes are caused by damage to the brain, often from specific diseases. Understanding the different types of dementia can help individuals and their families better navigate the challenges and treatments associated with each condition.

  1. Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60-80% of cases. It is caused by the build-up of abnormal proteins in the brain, such as amyloid plaques and tau tangles, which disrupt the function of brain cells.

  • Symptoms: Early signs include memory loss, confusion, and difficulty with language. Over time, individuals may experience personality changes and difficulty performing daily tasks.
  • Progression: Symptoms worsen gradually, and the disease is ultimately life-limiting.
  • Treatment: Medications can help manage symptoms, but there is no cure.
  1. Vascular Dementia

Vascular dementia occurs when blood flow to the brain is reduced, leading to cell damage. This can result from strokes, mini-strokes, or conditions that affect circulation, such as high blood pressure or diabetes.

  • Symptoms: Common signs include problems with planning, decision-making, and concentrating. Memory issues may develop later.
  • Progression: The condition can progress in a step-like pattern, with sudden worsening following events like strokes.
  • Treatment: Managing underlying conditions like hypertension can slow progression.
  1. Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB)

This type of dementia is caused by abnormal clumps of protein called Lewy bodies in the brain. It shares similarities with both Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease.

  • Symptoms: Key signs include visual hallucinations, fluctuations in alertness, and difficulty with movement (e.g., stiffness or tremors). Sleep disturbances are also common.
  • Progression: Symptoms often worsen gradually but can fluctuate significantly day-to-day.
  • Treatment: Medications for memory, movement, and sleep may be helpful.
  1. Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)

FTD affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain, which are responsible for behaviour, personality, and language. It typically occurs in people under the age of 65 but can develop later in life.

  • Symptoms: Early signs include changes in behaviour or personality, difficulty with speech and language, and a lack of empathy. Unlike other dementias, memory may remain relatively intact in the early stages.
  • Progression: Symptoms worsen over time, with increasing challenges in communication and daily activities.
  • Treatment: No specific treatments exist, but therapies and support can help manage symptoms.
  1. Mixed Dementia

Mixed dementia occurs when a person has more than one type of dementia, commonly Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. The symptoms can vary depending on the combination of conditions.

  1. Other Types of Dementia

Other, less common forms of dementia include:

  • Parkinson’s Disease Dementia: Develops in individuals with Parkinson’s disease, causing cognitive decline alongside movement symptoms.
  • Huntington’s Disease: A genetic condition that leads to dementia and movement difficulties.
  • Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD): A rare, rapidly progressing condition caused by abnormal proteins known as prions.
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: Linked to severe vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, often associated with chronic alcohol misuse.

If dementia is diagnosed under the age of 65, it’s classified as Young Onset Dementia. Younger individuals may face unique challenges, such as work, family responsibilities, and financial commitments.

In Rotherham, the Young Onset Dementia Service (YODS) provides tailored support:

  • Location: Ferham Clinic, Kimberworth Road, Rotherham, S61 1AJ
  • Services Include:
    • Diagnostic assessments
    • Medication reviews
    • Home visits for cognitive rehabilitation
    • Occupational and mental health therapy

For more details, visit the Young Dementia Network.

Benefits of Diagnosis: Understanding the condition early can help manage symptoms, provide access to treatments, and unlock benefits or legal protections.

Learn more about the Types of Dementia, the benefits of early diagnosis, and tips for preparing for your GP appointment.

Memory problems are a common concern, especially as we age. While occasional forgetfulness can be normal, persistent or worsening memory issues may indicate something more serious, such as dementia. Understanding the signs and seeking support early can make a big difference in managing any underlying conditions.

When to Be Concerned About Memory Problems

It’s natural to forget things from time to time, like misplacing your keys or struggling to recall a name. However, memory problems may require attention if you notice any of the following:

  • Forgetting recent events or conversations repeatedly.
  • Struggling to find the right words or follow conversations.
  • Difficulty completing familiar tasks, like cooking or managing finances.
  • Losing track of time, dates, or places.
  • Changes in mood, behavior, or decision-making.
  • Misplacing items and being unable to retrace steps to find them.

If these signs persist or worsen, it’s important to seek advice from a healthcare professional.

Causes of Memory Problems

Not all memory issues are caused by dementia. They may result from other factors, including:

  • Stress or Anxiety: These can interfere with focus and short-term memory.
  • Depression: Memory and concentration can be affected by low mood.
  • Medication Side Effects: Some medicines can impact memory and cognitive function.
  • Sleep Problems: Poor sleep or sleep disorders like sleep apnea can reduce memory performance.
  • Vitamin Deficiencies: Lack of certain nutrients, such as vitamin B12, can lead to memory problems.
  • Other Health Conditions: Conditions like thyroid disorders or infections may contribute to memory issues.

A healthcare professional can help identify the cause and recommend the right course of action.

Steps to Take if You’re Worried

  1. Speak to a GP:
    • Your GP is the first point of contact if you or someone you know is experiencing memory problems.
    • They will ask about symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle factors. They may also conduct a simple memory test.
  2. Be Prepared:
    • Before your appointment, jot down examples of memory issues, when they started, and how they are affecting daily life.
    • Bring along a friend or family member who can provide additional insight.
  3. Next Steps:
    • Your GP may arrange for blood tests to rule out other conditions or refer you to a specialist, such as a memory clinic, for further assessment.

Why Early Action Matters

Getting help early allows for:

  • Diagnosis and Support: Access to treatments or therapies to manage symptoms.
  • Planning for the Future: Time to make decisions about care and support.
  • Understanding Changes: Learning more about what to expect and how to cope.

Support and Resources

If you’re concerned about memory problems, you don’t have to face it alone. Here’s how we can help:

  • Contact a Specialist: Schedule an appointment with a GP or memory clinic for a professional assessment.
  • Learn More: Explore our resources to understand potential causes and treatments.
  • Find Support: Connect with local or online support groups for guidance and reassurance.

Don’t Ignore the Signs

If memory problems are affecting your daily life, take action today. Early diagnosis and support can help you or your loved one live well. Contact us for more information or to speak with a specialist.

Living Well with Dementia

Living well with dementia is possible with the right tools and resources:

  • Support for Daily Living: Learn how to make your home dementia-friendly with guides like This is Me.
  • Music Therapy: Explore resources from Playlist for Life, which uses personalized music to support individuals with dementia.
  • Local Services: Contact Rotherham Crossroads Care for assistance with dementia-related forms, such as the Herbert Protocol, for helping carers provide essential details if someone goes missing.

A dementia diagnosis can be daunting, but it is also a crucial step toward accessing support, planning for the future, and managing symptoms effectively. Understanding the benefits of a diagnosis can help you or a loved one make informed decisions and take proactive steps.

  1. Access to the Right Support

A diagnosis opens the door to essential resources and services tailored to help individuals with dementia and their families.

  • Specialist Care: Access to healthcare professionals, such as memory clinic teams, who can guide you through treatment options and therapies.
  • Community Support: Opportunities to connect with local support groups, carers’ networks, and social activities.
  • Practical Tools: Resources like assistive technology, home adaptations, and tips for daily living.
  1. Treatment Options

While there is no cure for dementia, many treatments and strategies can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

  • Medications: Certain medicines can slow the progression of symptoms in some types of dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
  • Therapies: Cognitive therapies, memory aids, and occupational therapy can help individuals maintain independence.
  • Lifestyle Changes: Recommendations for diet, exercise, and mental stimulation can enhance brain health.
  1. Planning for the Future

A diagnosis gives individuals and their families time to prepare for the challenges ahead.

  • Financial and Legal Planning: Create lasting powers of attorney, update wills, and explore benefits or entitlements.
  • Care Decisions: Decide on preferred living arrangements, care plans, and advance care directives.
  • Family Discussions: Open conversations about the condition can help align support and expectations.
  1. Better Understanding of Symptoms

Receiving a diagnosis provides clarity and helps individuals and their loved ones make sense of changes in behavior, memory, or thinking.

  • Relief and Validation: Understanding the cause of symptoms can provide reassurance and reduce anxiety.
  • Knowledge for Action: A diagnosis equips individuals with information to manage their condition effectively.
  1. Support for Carers and Families

A diagnosis benefits not only the person with dementia but also their loved ones. It enables families to access:

  • Educational Resources: Learn how to best support someone living with dementia.
  • Carer Support Groups: Connect with others in similar situations for advice and emotional support.
  • Respite Care Options: Explore services that allow carers to take breaks and maintain their well-being.

How to Get a Diagnosis

  1. Speak to a GP: Your GP will assess symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle factors. They may also perform basic memory tests.
  2. Specialist Referrals: If needed, you’ll be referred to a memory clinic or specialist for further tests, such as brain scans or in-depth assessments.
  3. Develop a Care Plan: Once diagnosed, you’ll receive guidance on managing the condition and accessing ongoing support.

Why Early Diagnosis is Key

Getting diagnosed early can significantly improve quality of life by allowing access to treatments, support, and the time to make important decisions. It also empowers individuals to live as well as possible for as long as possible.

Reach Out for Help

If you’re concerned about memory problems or other symptoms, don’t wait. Speak to a healthcare professional today. For more information and support, explore our resources or contact us directly.

When navigating healthcare for yourself or a loved one, preparation can make a big difference. Here’s a guide to help you make the most of your appointments, ensuring you get the answers and support you need.

  1. Preparing for Your Appointment

Preparation is key to a productive healthcare visit. Here are some steps to take before your appointment:

  • Write Down Your Concerns: Note any symptoms, changes in behavior, or questions you want to discuss.
  • Keep a Health Record: Track medical history, medications, and previous diagnoses to share with your healthcare provider.
  • Bring a Supporter: A trusted family member or friend can provide additional insights and help you remember details from the discussion.
  • List Your Medications: Include any over-the-counter medicines, supplements, or herbal remedies you’re taking.
  • Prepare Questions: Focus on what you’d like to understand about your condition or next steps.
  1. During the Appointment

Engaging actively during the appointment helps ensure you leave with the information and support you need:

  • Communicate Clearly:
    • Describe your symptoms, how long they’ve lasted, and any triggers you’ve noticed.
    • Share any recent changes in lifestyle, health, or mental well-being.
  • Ask Questions:
    • What could be causing my symptoms?
    • What tests or treatments are recommended?
    • Are there lifestyle changes that could help?
  • Take Notes: Jot down key points, recommendations, or follow-up actions during the discussion.
  • Request Clarification: Don’t hesitate to ask your healthcare provider to repeat or simplify explanations.
  1. After the Appointment

Once your appointment is over, take these steps to follow up on your care plan:

  • Review Your Notes: Go over any instructions or recommendations from your healthcare provider.
  • Follow Through:
    • Schedule tests, follow-up visits, or treatments as advised.
    • Implement lifestyle changes suggested by your provider.
  • Seek Support: Reach out to local or online resources for guidance or help with your care plan.
  • Contact Your Provider: If you have additional questions or concerns after the appointment, don’t wait—reach out to clarify.
  1. Additional Tips

Maximize the benefits of your healthcare appointments with these strategies:

  • Be Honest: Share all relevant information, even if it feels unrelated or personal.
  • Manage Time: Arrive early and stick to the main points to make the most of limited time.
  • Stay Organized: Use a folder or app to store all medical records, test results, and notes.

Living well with dementia

Living well with dementia

Managing dementia involves a combination of medical treatments, practical strategies, and emotional support. By taking a proactive approach, individuals with dementia and their families can improve quality of life and navigate challenges more effectively.

While there is no cure for dementia, various treatments and strategies can help manage symptoms, improve quality of life, and support those affected. Understanding the options available is an important step toward living well with dementia.

  1. Medications for Dementia

Certain medications may help alleviate symptoms or slow the progression of specific types of dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease.

  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors (e.g., donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine):
    • Used for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease.
    • Improve communication between brain cells by boosting a chemical called acetylcholine.
  • Memantine:
    • Typically prescribed for moderate to severe Alzheimer’s or mixed dementia.
    • Helps regulate the activity of glutamate, a chemical involved in learning and memory.
  • Vascular Dementia:
    • Medications for underlying conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, or high cholesterol may help reduce further damage to the brain.

Speak to your doctor about the most suitable options for your needs.

  1. Non-Medication Treatments

In addition to medication, non-pharmacological approaches play a crucial role in managing dementia symptoms.

  • Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST):
    • Group-based therapy that involves engaging activities to enhance memory and problem-solving.
    • Shown to improve mental abilities and quality of life.
  • Reminiscence Therapy:
    • Involves discussing past events and experiences, often using photos, music, or personal items.
    • Can help improve mood and reduce anxiety.
  • Behavioral and Psychological Interventions:
    • Techniques like music therapy, aromatherapy, and relaxation exercises can reduce agitation, anxiety, and depression.
  1. Lifestyle and Practical Strategies

Simple lifestyle changes can complement treatments and enhance daily living.

  • Diet and Nutrition: A balanced diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats, supports brain health.
  • Physical Activity: Regular exercise improves blood flow to the brain and boosts mood.
  • Sleep Hygiene: Quality sleep helps with concentration and reduces confusion.
  • Social Engagement: Maintaining social connections can help reduce feelings of isolation and depression.
  1. Support for Carers and Families

Carers and loved ones play an essential role in supporting someone with dementia. Resources available include:

  • Education and Training:
    • Learn strategies for communication and managing symptoms effectively.
  • Respite Care:
    • Provides short-term relief for carers to focus on their own well-being.
  • Support Groups:
    • Connect with others who understand the challenges of caring for someone with dementia.
  1. Ongoing Research

Exciting developments in dementia research may lead to new treatments and therapies. Clinical trials are exploring innovative approaches, including drug therapies, brain stimulation, and lifestyle interventions. Talk to your healthcare provider about participating in research opportunities.

Dementia can bring many changes, but with the right knowledge and support, it’s possible to live well. This section offers essential information for those diagnosed with dementia and their loved ones, helping you navigate the journey ahead.

Living Well with Dementia

  1. Understanding Your Diagnosis

A dementia diagnosis can feel overwhelming, but it also opens the door to support and resources. Understanding your condition helps you:

  • Make informed decisions about care and treatment.
  • Access financial and legal assistance.
  • Connect with specialists and community services.
  1. Managing Symptoms

Every person’s experience with dementia is unique. Strategies to manage symptoms include:

  • Medication: Treatments like cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine may be recommended to manage memory loss or confusion.
  • Cognitive Activities: Puzzles, games, and memory exercises can help keep the brain active.
  • Routine Adjustments: Establishing clear routines can make daily life easier.
  1. Adapting Your Home

Making your home dementia-friendly can promote independence and safety:

  • Use labels or signs on drawers, doors, and cupboards.
  • Install brighter lighting to reduce confusion and prevent falls.
  • Simplify spaces by removing unnecessary clutter.
  1. Staying Active and Engaged
  • Regular exercise can improve physical and mental health.
  • Social activities, like joining a club or spending time with loved ones, can reduce loneliness.
  • Music therapy and creative hobbies may bring joy and stimulate memories.
  1. Emotional Support

Caring for someone with dementia can be challenging. It’s important to seek support for your own well-being:

  • Talk to friends, family, or a support group.
  • Use respite care services to take breaks and recharge.
  1. Practical Help
  • Learn about the Herbert Protocol for managing risks, such as wandering.
  • Use assistive technology, like reminder apps or GPS trackers, to help with daily tasks.
  1. Financial and Legal Planning

Dementia may require long-term planning:

  • Create a lasting power of attorney to manage finances and healthcare decisions.
  • Explore benefits like attendance allowance or disability payments.

For people with dementia, maintaining good nutrition and hydration is essential to support physical and mental health. However, changes in appetite, taste, or the ability to manage meals can make eating and drinking challenging. This guide provides practical tips to ensure mealtimes remain enjoyable and nutritious.

The Importance of Eating and Drinking Well

Good nutrition can help:

  • Maintain energy levels and a healthy weight.
  • Support brain function and overall well-being.
  • Reduce the risk of infections or other illnesses.

Dehydration can lead to confusion, fatigue, and other health issues, so staying hydrated is equally vital.

Challenges with Eating and Drinking

Dementia can cause difficulties such as:

  • Loss of Appetite: Changes in taste or forgetting to eat.
  • Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): Making it hard to eat certain foods.
  • Food Preferences: A sudden dislike for familiar foods or preference for sweet flavors.
  • Coordination Issues: Trouble using cutlery or managing food on a plate.
  • Mealtime Anxiety: Stress or distractions making it harder to focus on eating.

Tips for Encouraging Healthy Eating

  1. Create a Relaxing Mealtime Environment:
    • Serve meals in a calm, familiar setting with minimal distractions.
    • Use bright, contrasting tableware to help differentiate food and drinks.
  2. Adapt Meals to Their Needs:
    • Offer soft, easy-to-chew foods if swallowing is difficult.
    • Cut food into smaller pieces or provide finger foods for easier handling.
    • Experiment with flavors if taste preferences change.
  3. Encourage Smaller, Frequent Meals:
    • Offer snacks and small meals throughout the day if appetite is reduced.
    • Include calorie-dense options like full-fat yogurt or avocado to maintain energy.
  4. Involve the Person with Dementia:
    • Encourage participation in meal preparation to stimulate interest.
    • Provide choices to help them feel more in control (e.g., “Would you like soup or a sandwich?”).

Staying Hydrated

  1. Make Fluids Accessible:
    • Keep water, juice, or other drinks within easy reach.
    • Offer a variety of beverages, such as milkshakes or herbal teas, to suit preferences.
  2. Use Visual Cues:
    • Serve drinks in clear glasses or brightly colored cups for better visibility.
    • Remind them to sip fluids regularly throughout the day.
  3. Incorporate Hydrating Foods:
    • Include foods high in water content, like fruits (melon, oranges) and vegetables (cucumber, celery).

Supporting Specific Challenges

  1. If Swallowing Becomes Difficult:
    • Consult a speech and language therapist for advice.
    • Use thickened liquids or modify textures to make swallowing easier.
  2. If Weight Loss is a Concern:
    • Add extra calories with foods like cheese, cream, or nut butters.
    • Avoid low-fat products unless medically advised.
  3. If Mealtimes Become Stressful:
    • Be patient and offer reassurance.
    • Allow plenty of time for eating without rushing.

Practical Tools and Resources

  • Adaptive Tableware: Use non-slip mats, lightweight cutlery, or bowls with high edges to make eating easier.
  • Meal Delivery Services: Consider ready-made meals that cater to dietary needs and preferences.
  • Professional Support: Dietitians and healthcare professionals can provide tailored advice.

How Carers Can Help

  • Observe patterns to identify what works best, such as preferred mealtime routines or favorite foods.
  • Offer gentle encouragement and assist only when needed, promoting independence where possible.
  • Celebrate small successes, like finishing a meal or trying a new dish.

A dementia-friendly home can provide comfort, safety, and independence for someone living with dementia. Simple changes to the environment can make daily tasks easier, reduce confusion, and help individuals feel more secure in their surroundings.

Why Create a Dementia-Friendly Home?

As dementia progresses, memory, perception, and problem-solving abilities can be affected. A well-organized, familiar, and accessible home:

  • Encourages independence and confidence.
  • Reduces anxiety and frustration.
  • Minimizes the risk of accidents and injuries.

Practical Tips for a Dementia-Friendly Home

  1. Improve Lighting
  • Ensure rooms are well-lit with natural light during the day and bright, even artificial lighting at night.
  • Use motion-activated lights in hallways or bathrooms for safety during the night.
  • Eliminate shadows by ensuring light sources are evenly distributed.
  1. Remove Clutter
  • Keep surfaces and pathways clear of unnecessary items.
  • Use labeled storage containers to organize belongings and reduce confusion.
  • Avoid overstimulating décor—keep patterns simple and colors neutral.
  1. Use Contrasting Colors
  • Choose contrasting colors for furniture, walls, and flooring to make items more visible.
  • Use brightly colored tableware to help differentiate food from plates.
  • Ensure door frames and switches contrast with the walls to improve visibility.
  1. Add Clear Signage and Labels
  • Label cupboards, drawers, and doors with pictures or words to indicate their contents or purpose.
  • Use clear, large-print signage to highlight key areas like the bathroom, kitchen, or exits.
  • Place reminders, such as sticky notes or whiteboards, in visible locations.
  1. Ensure Safety
  • Install grab rails in the bathroom and near stairs to prevent falls.
  • Remove trip hazards, such as loose rugs or trailing wires.
  • Lock away harmful items like cleaning supplies, sharp objects, or medications.
  • Use safety devices, such as stove guards or automatic shut-off plugs, to prevent accidents.
  1. Make Furniture Accessible
  • Arrange furniture to create clear, open pathways for easy navigation.
  • Choose sturdy chairs with arms for added support when sitting or standing.
  • Use transparent or labeled storage to make items like clothes and utensils easy to find.
  1. Simplify Daily Tasks
  • Install a clock with a large face and date display to help with time orientation.
  • Use appliances with simple controls and clear instructions.
  • Set up memory aids, such as a calendar or reminder system, for important tasks like taking medication.
  1. Support Personal Connections
  • Display family photos, familiar objects, or cherished memorabilia to create a comforting and personalized environment.
  • Create a “memory box” with items that evoke positive memories or conversations.

Room-by-Room Tips

Living Room

  • Arrange furniture to provide clear pathways.
  • Use a remote control with simple, large buttons for the TV.
  • Avoid glass-topped tables, which can be hard to see.

Kitchen

  • Store frequently used items in plain sight or in clearly labeled cabinets.
  • Use contrasting colors for counters and utensils.
  • Consider removing complex appliances and focusing on easy-to-use ones.

Bathroom

  • Install a contrasting toilet seat to make it easier to see.
  • Place non-slip mats in the shower or tub area.
  • Use simple, clearly labeled taps (e.g., “hot” and “cold”) to avoid confusion.

Bedroom

  • Arrange clothes in an easy-to-see way, such as on open shelves or a labeled wardrobe.
  • Use bedding in simple patterns or contrasting colors to make the bed more visible.
  • Add nightlights or motion-sensitive lighting for nighttime navigation.

Technology to Assist Daily Living

Consider using assistive technology to enhance safety and independence:

  • Motion Sensors: Detect movement and alert carers if needed.
  • GPS Trackers: Help locate a person if they wander outside.
  • Smart Home Devices: Voice-activated reminders for medication, appointments, or tasks.
  • This is me’ is a free resource that can help be used to record important details about a person with dementia.

this_is_me_1553.pdf (alzheimers.org.uk)

End of life

End of Life Care for Someone with Dementia

Caring for someone with dementia at the end of their life can be a deeply emotional and challenging experience. Providing comfort, dignity, and support is at the heart of end-of-life care. Understanding the needs of the person and planning ahead can help ensure they receive the best possible care during this time.

End-of-life care focuses on managing physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. For someone with dementia, this involves:

  • Comfort and Dignity: Creating a calm and supportive environment.
  • Symptom Management: Addressing pain, discomfort, or other physical symptoms.
  • Emotional Support: Providing reassurance and maintaining connections with loved ones.
  • Advance Care Planning: Ensuring the person’s wishes and preferences guide their care.

Dementia progresses differently for everyone, but common signs that someone may be approaching the end of their life include:

  • Severe difficulties with communication and understanding.
  • Increased physical frailty and difficulty moving.
  • Loss of interest in eating or drinking.
  • Frequent infections or hospitalisations.
  • Long periods of sleeping or reduced awareness.
    1. Create a Comfortable Environment
    • Maintain a calm, familiar setting with minimal noise and bright, even lighting.
    • Use gentle touches, soothing music, or cherished objects to create a comforting atmosphere.
    • Position the person to reduce discomfort, using cushions or supports as needed.
    1. Focus on Pain and Symptom Relief
    • Work with healthcare providers to manage pain effectively through medications or non-drug methods.
    • Address symptoms like difficulty breathing, restlessness, or swallowing challenges.
    • Monitor for signs of distress, such as facial expressions or changes in behaviour, and adjust care accordingly.
    1. Offer Emotional Reassurance
    • Speak in a calm and reassuring tone, even if the person cannot respond.
    • Use touch, such as holding their hand, to provide comfort.
    • Respect the person’s preferences for company or quiet time.
    1. Maintain Hydration and Nutrition
    • Offer small sips of water or moist swabs to keep their mouth comfortable.
    • Provide soft foods or liquid nutrition if they can eat, but don’t force food if appetite is gone.
  1. Advance Care Planning

Encourage early discussions about the person’s wishes for end-of-life care, including:

  • Preferences for treatments, such as resuscitation or life support.
  • Choice of where they want to be cared for (e.g., at home, in a hospice, or hospital).
  • Appointing someone to make decisions on their behalf through a Lasting Power of Attorney.
  1. Palliative Care

Palliative care teams specialise in providing holistic support for individuals with serious illnesses. They can help manage symptoms, provide emotional support, and ensure care aligns with the person’s preferences.

  1. Legal and Financial Considerations
  • Ensure a will is in place and up-to-date.
  • Understand benefits or financial support that may be available for end-of-life care.
  • Seek advice on managing funeral arrangements or advance decisions.

Caring for someone with dementia at the end of their life can take an emotional toll on family members and carers. It’s important to:

  • Seek Respite: Use respite care or support services to take breaks when needed.
  • Access Grief Support: Bereavement counselling or support groups can provide comfort during and after the caregiving journey.
  • Stay Connected: Lean on friends, family, or community groups for emotional support.

When the person with dementia passes away, it’s natural to experience a mix of emotions, including grief, relief, or sadness. Allow yourself time to process these feelings and seek support from:

  • Bereavement support services.
  • Friends, family, or carers’ networks.
  • Local or national organisations offering end-of-life guidance.

End-of-life care for someone with dementia is about honouring their wishes, ensuring comfort, and cherishing their dignity. While it can be a challenging time, planning and support can help you provide loving and meaningful care in their final days.

I am concerned about someone else

I’m concerned about someone else and who may have or has dementia

If someone you know is becoming increasingly forgetful, encourage them to see their GP to talk about the early signs of dementia.

There are other reasons someone might be experiencing memory loss. However, if dementia is detected early, in some cases its progress can be slowed, and the person affected may be able to maintain their mental function for longer.

Although dementia isn’t just about memory loss, it’s one of the key symptoms. Others include:

  • increasing difficulty with tasks and activities that require concentration and planning
  • changes in personality and mood
  • periods of mental confusion
  • difficulty finding the right words or not being able to understand conversations as easily

You may like to suggest that you accompany your friend or relative to the GP so you can support them. This also means that after the appointment, you can help your friend or relative recall what has been discussed.



Raising the issue of memory loss and the possibility of dementia can be a very difficult thing to do. Someone who is experiencing these symptoms may be confused, unaware they have any problems, worried or in denial.

Before starting a conversation with someone you’re concerned about, the Alzheimer’s Society suggests that you ask yourself the following questions:

  • have they noticed the symptoms?
  • do they think their problems are just a natural part of ageing?
  • are they scared about what the changes could mean?
  • are you the best person to talk to them about memory problems?
  • do they think there won’t be any point in seeking help?

When you do talk to them, choose a place that is familiar and non-threatening and allow plenty of time so that your conversation isn’t rushed.



Although most of your loved one’s immediate medical needs can be managed on their own in the early stages, you may need to assist with tasks associated with memory. This can include keeping up with GP appointments and helping manage financial matters, medications, and social and work obligations. At times, they may also need help remembering places, people, words and names. In the early stages, you will want to encourage them to:

  • maintain their independence
  • get involved in activities that they enjoy
  • express their emotions
  • establish a routine to possibly help delay the disease from worsening



This can be the longest period that you will face as a caregiver, as the symptoms can go on during the majority of your loved one’s later years. During this time, you will need to learn to develop patience, flexibility and understanding as their day-to-day functions become more difficult to achieve. Your loved one might need assistance dressing, act out in strange ways or grow frustrated and angry with you, which can be very stressful. Be sure to take care of yourself and reach out to family, friends and other support services to make this transition smoother.



The later stages will be the most difficult, as your loved one is now very frail and relies on you for most of their daily care. At this stage, encouraging your loved one to eat and sleep will grow increasingly difficult and they may lose the ability to walk steadily. During this time, an occupational therapist may help them stay mobile without falling, and speech therapists and nutritionists might give you greater insight to their speech and eating patterns. Incontinence, severe memory loss and disorientation, immune system problems, repetitive movements and strange or unusual behaviour must all be managed during this stage as well.

Watching a loved one live with dementia is never easy, but with the proper tools and support in place, you can help them navigate their symptoms to live their life to the best they can. Staying on top of the latest research (google alerts), attending seminars from expert speakers and medical professionals will keep you up-to-date on new treatments and care techniques. Most importantly, find a supportive community! There are many support groups for caregivers where you can share your successes, frustrations, fears and joys with other caregivers. Remember, you are not alone!



Listen don’t offer advice or tell the person what they should do. Listen to their concerns, even if they don’t make sense and reassure that you’re trying to see things from their point of view.

Limit distractions turn down loud noises, retreat to a quieter space with softer lighting and a neutral temperature.

Keep a check of your own body language and tone of voice.

Don’t ask too many questions and keep questions simple and short.

Ask them what would help right now.

Before doing something or calling someone else, ask if this is okay with them.

It’s okay not to know what to do and it can be helpful sharing that. You’re not there to rescue the person; explain that you might need to ask for advice from someone else to help you better support them – crisis team for example.

If you’re aware of triggers for upsetting responses and behaviour, try and remove these or guide the person away from these.

Never put yourself if harms way and always remove yourself from harm if you can. Sometimes this is beneficial to both and can act as a diffuser.

Remember a crisis is something that is outside of your control, is intensely difficult and could lead to harm. In a crisis you need to get support. There may be underlying reasons for the crisis that need medical attention, like an infection.

Who can help?

  • The GP
  • NHS 111
  • 999 if in immediate danger
  • Local mental health crisis teams
  • Social Care Team

After the crisis

  • Take time out to digest what has happened.
  • Talk over your thoughts and feelings with someone you trust.
  • Access support – IAPT, Carers Support Services.
  • If it helps, write down thoughts and feelings – get them out of your head and on paper.
  • When things are calm, think about a future crisis management plan.



Local dementia support services in Rotherham

01709 464574
info@crossroadsrotherham.co.uk

The Carers Resilience Service is a short term intervention service for carers of people living with dementia, providing information, advice and practical support with the aim to build carers’ resilience. We work together with partners to enable the person with dementia to live at home for as long as possible.

Herbert protocol – People with dementia sometimes get lost and go missing. If you care for someone with dementia you can fill in this form containing information to give to the police if the person goes missing.

Link to the form : Herbert Protocol Sep 2024

Rotherham Crossroads Care can help carers complete the Herbert protocol form:

01709 464574
info@crossroadsrotherham.co.uk

This is a good example of Equipment, adaptations and technology enabled care.

Equipment, adaptations and Technology Enabled Care | Sheffield (sheffielddirectory.org.uk)

Tel: 01709 910889
Email: RotherhamCarers@makingspace.co.uk

When a relative, friend or someone you directly care for is experiencing symptoms of dementia, it is good to know that neither you, nor they, have to be alone to meet the challenges ahead.

RMBC Information for carers – this includes a wide range of general information for carers and includes a specific section on dementia support – both are helpful for people with dementia and their carers.

Information for carers – Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council

Tel: 01709 580543
Email: doncaster@alzheimers.org.uk

Information, advice and support on all aspects of dementia.

Rotherham Carers Forum

National support organisations

0300 222 1122

Information and advice on all aspects of dementia. Open Monday to Wednesday 9am to 8pm, Thursday and Friday 9am to 5pm, Saturday and Sunday 10am to 4pm.

0800 888 6678

Information and advice on all aspects of dementia. Helpline staffed by Admiral Nurses. Monday to Friday 9am to 9pm, Saturday and Sunday 9am to 5pm. Closed Bank Holidays.

Support apps

My House of Memories allows you to explore objects from the past and share memories together. It can be used by anyone, but has been designed for, and with, people living with dementia and their carers.

       

The NHS App gives you a simple and secure way to access a range of NHS services on your smartphone or tablet.
You can use the app if you are aged 13 or over. You must be registered with an NHS GP surgery in England or the Isle of Man. You can also log in through the NHS website on a computer to use NHS App services.

       

HealthUnlocked is the world’s largest social network for health. Find and connect with people with a similar health condition. The service has over 700 online communities focused on health and wellbeing topics.

       SIGN UP ON WEBSITE

Rotherhive is not responsible for content on websites or apps mentioned on the site. Always read the app’s Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy to see how your data may be used.

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